Madagascar vs Portugal
Tax Rate Comparison
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🇲🇬 Madagascar — Region & Commune Taxes
Madagascar's 6 provinces, 22 regions, and 1,695 communes levy Taxe Foncière sur les Terrains (TFT), Taxe Foncière sur les Propriétés Bâties (TFPB), and Taxe Professionnelle (TP — business licence). The Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI) administers national taxes. Madagascar is highly dependent on vanilla (world's largest producer), cloves, seafood exports, and mining (ilmenite, cobalt via Ambatovy). It's among the world's poorest countries. Cyclones regularly disrupt the economy and infrastructure.
🇵🇹 Portugal — Municipal & Regional Taxes
Portugal's 18 districts and 308 municipalities levy a municipal IRS surcharge (Derrama Municipal) of up to 1.5% of taxable income on residents. Municipalities also apply the Derrama Municipal on corporate profits (up to 1.5%). Madeira and Azores autonomous regions have their own lower tax regimes: Madeira has a 14.7% corporate rate in the MIBC (international business centre). Real estate transfer taxes (IMT) are municipal. The NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) regime attracted many foreigners until 2024 when it was replaced by IFICI.
Madagascar vs Portugal: Key Tax Differences (2026)
💰 Income Tax: 🇵🇹 Portugal has a higher top income tax rate (0–20% vs 13.25–48%). 🇲🇬 Madagascar is more favourable for high earners.
🛒 VAT/Sales Tax: Portugal has a higher consumption tax (20% vs 6–23%).
🏢 Corporate Tax: 🇵🇹 Portugal offers a lower corporate rate (19% vs 20%), which can influence business location decisions.
📈 Capital Gains: 🇲🇬 Madagascar taxes investment gains at a lower rate (20% vs 28%), benefiting investors.